Hollande announced Thursday, March 7, a reform of parental leave taken today to over 96% by women, permanently away a number of they labor market. The head of state in favor of “sharing” the leave between mothers and fathers in order to “promote the employment of women” and “facilitate their return to the workforce.” Over the three years of parental leave, six months will be reserved – as an incentive – to fathers who wish.





In September 2012, Najat Belkacem-Vallaud had already discussed the possibility of reducing, while paying the best parental leave. This reform is discussed by politicians for nearly ten years. In 2005, the Minister of Solidarity, Health and Family Affairs, Philippe Douste-Blazy was thus held that the idea deserves to be “thorough.”

In February 2009, the President of the Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, announced a reform of parental leave. It is the source, he said, “a huge mess.” “Hash for the women involved, because most of them wished to continue their activity. Gachis for families because parental leave is a salary less. Gachis for society, because these devices maintain outside labor market nearly 800,000 women each year. ” He therefore proposed a shorter period, together with training and coaching by the employment center.

“ENCOURAGING INVOLVEMENT OF FATHERS”

Two years later it was the turn of Roselyne Bachelot, Minister of solidarity and social cohesion, to rule in favor of the reform. “Shorten and better paid parental leave for those who wish, it is a great idea, she said on March 10, 2011, in an interview with World should also try to encourage the involvement of fathers:. In some Nordic countries, part of the leave – a few months in most cases – is lost if the father does not take it I’m very supportive of this system. “.

Monique Boutrand, national secretary of the CFDT Cadres, member of the Social and Environmental Council, in an article published on March 7, 2011, proposes the establishment of a “true paternity significantly long [two months] to change the gender representations in the work. ”

In June, a report by the Inspector General for Social Affairs, Brigitte Grésy also suggests reducing to one year parental leave from three years to better pay and reserve a quota for fathers of two months. It also proposes to allow employees to enjoy during their lives, family leave paid for several months.

In September 2011, the Minister of Solidarity Roselyne Bachelot says she intends to introduce a bill “early December” to reform the parental leave, probably making it shorter and better paid. Due to the lack of consensus within the family associations and unions, the bill does not see the day.

During the presidential campaign, in March 2012, the President of the Republic and the UMP candidate, Nicolas Sarkozy finally proposes that mothers can make one that is not stuck on the first three years of parental leave, but this is a right that can be taken up by 18 pieces of their child….

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A letter from death threats, along with blanks, was received Wednesday, March 27, by Judge Jean-Michel Gentil, who indicted one week earlier former President Nicolas Sarkozy.



The one-page letter, Le Monde has consulted, addressed to “Mr. Nice, the Union of Magistrates, founded in May 1968. Groupuscule revolutionary red judges, Soviet socialist, totalitarian, politically engaged and enraged.” Jean-Michel Gentil is by no means a member of the Union of Magistrates, founded in June 1968.

“Sir, the statement said, your duty was the objectivity and neutrality in the assigned and for which you are paid fully function. You crossed the irreparable, conditioned by your ideology inherited from the terror and deprivation of liberties . regret that your mind can not control, you, a certain independence of mind. ” (Sic).

“Certainly you are physically well protected, we are not yet able to intervene in the Southwest. Never mind, one of you will disappear in a geographically closer and much less risky sector. This then will pay with his life your discretion will destabilize the country by your subjection to totalitarian left sixty-huitarde. “

“Terror will never be reborn! Takes the anonymous letter. Eventually you will, as your predecessors sad when we have been able to reach you personally or, if a member of your entourage.’s Time for our organization.

The cartridges are attached to white, waiting to board our interventions. “

ELKABBACH EVEN FIGHT

The ending is even more curious: “Nice & Elkabbach even fight for republican liberty against the class struggle with a certain idea of ??France, that the bastards like you, had also fought” without anyone understands what that comes to the journalist Jean-Pierre Elkabbach in history.

Mail is signed by an obscure “IFO The interaction of forces Paris, Melun, Rouen, Caen, Cherbourg, Rennes.” It is finally noted that the police “our documents contain no footprint or track DNA” and the reference collection of mail “will not, either, to accommodate anyone.”

The Union of the judiciary, in a statement titled “Serenity”, the link between “statements indignant or insulting some policies after the indictment of Nicolas Sarkozy” and the “unbearable outburst of hatred.”

The Minister of Justice has on its side Wednesday before the plenary of the High Judicial Council on “the impact on the functioning of the judiciary and the justice of the peace” of remarks “about legal proceedings “Bordeaux.

A French commercial court said Friday, February 22 the owner of the Ocean-Jasper, a Turkish cargo ship that had rammed the SOKALIQUE in 2007 off the coast of Brittany, civilly liable for 75% of damage to the vessel whose owner was drowned in the accident.

The Commercial Court of Brest has ordered the company to pay Shipping Ocean Jasper around EUR 600,000 to the family of Bernard Jobard. A sum that it should, however, never see the owner with “widely held its insolvency,” according to the lawyer, the family Jobard, Mr. René Gloaguen, at the hearing dedicated to the case in December 2012.

The court, however, rejected the family’s request for damages for non-pecuniary damage, the criminal court of Brest had ruled on January 22 to repair it.

A SLICE OF LIABILITY ESTIMATED AT 75%

During the criminal trial, the captain and the chief of the Turkish freighter, both of Azerbaijani nationality, were sentenced to four and three years in prison, while the owner was acquitted. The arms, however, was reported in January civilly liable for damages caused by the captain and his second. All three were ordered jointly and severally to pay nearly € 90,000 in total to the widow of the sea disappeared, Yvette Jobard, his three daughters and surviving sailors under damages for non-pecuniary damage.

The plaintiffs claimed more than 200 000, but the court held that “navigation errors were committed by SOKALIQUE”. The responsibility of the Ocean-Jasper in damages suffered by the plaintiffs was set at 75%. The same as is fixed by the commercial court Friday.

In the night from 16 to 17 August 2007, the crab boat from Roscoff (Finistère) and cargo flagged Kiribati had collided 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of the island of Ouessant, in waters international. The Ocean-Jasper had continued on, despite a hole in its hull and the crew was eager to seal. The owner of the crab boat had drowned, while the other six crew members had been rescued.

…

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Former adviser Christine Lagarde, Fran?ois-Gilles Egretier, is believed to have used his influence to divert the route of the high-speed (LGV) in the Landes, in order to save his mother’s garden. He was indicted.

This is the Southwest newspaper that reveals the case. Judge Renaud Van Ruymbeke investigated for six months on the project time LGV approved three years ago. Former collaborator Lagarde would have weighed in the balance for RFF changes its course, while it trraversait the garden of his mother.

This is the local newspaper that put the chip in the ear of the judge. The mayor of the town thanked therein “Mr. Egretier our Paris office.” The adviser is believed to have sent to the office of Minister of Transport at the time, Dominique Bussereau, a motion to change the route. He also held a meeting with RFF to plead the cause of the municipality and therefore the garden of his mother. Christine Lagarde was then under the joint supervision of the public institution rail network.

The village mayor, Jean-Claude Lalagüe defends Mr. Egretier in Southwest:. “The line is that I’ve drawn, it is much better for the community This indictment is unfair, Francis Gilles Egretier has served me that mailbox. “

This is the new buzzword in policy circles of the city. Empowerment. In recent months, social workers, associations, professional politicians of the city, elected not swear by this term came from overseas. Minister Fran?ois Lamy city is captured by appointing co-chair of a task on the participation of the inhabitants sociologist Marie-Hélène Bacque, specialist of “empowerment”.

Aware that its consultation on the reform of the priority geography or installing new city contracts are not sufficient to reinvigorate a city policy at an end, the Minister has decided to integrate this new tool and display a left politics that does not cost very expensive.

Empowerment seems to have become the new horizon of politics in the neighborhoods. It was the subject of a conference of the National School of Public Works in 2012. It was the heart of the contribution of Jacques Donzelot the suburbs to Terra Nova during the presidential campaign. Amadeus network of Directors of urban policy established a mission to collect the French experience. Even the very serious Council strategic analysis focused on the issue in September.

The empowerment has no adequate translation – if Quebec neologism “empowerment.” Venue of the cities of Chicago in the 1930s, taken by black and feminist movements in the 1970s and by the Obama campaign in 2008, the term refers to the process that allows individuals to become aware of their ability to act and access to more power. To the sense of failure felt by both governments and project managers, the desire for renewal is obvious. Social workers questioned their usefulness and seek other forms of interventions. “We are at the end of a cycle, where the imposed from above policies and projects to residents of cities. Should revitalize and support the dynamic autonomous citizens,” said Isabelle Fouche, coordinator of the collective power to act.

“GET A VOICE AND THE POWER TO NON-VOICE”

As for associations, many years ago they each work in their area and aspire to make the voice of the people heard differently. They are evidence exists considerable potential in the neighborhoods and they require it to be recognized. “Many share the idea of ??giving the initiative and re-politicize the debate in the neighborhoods,” says Ms. Bacque, who co-publishes with Carole Biewener’s Empowerment, an emancipatory practice (La Découverte, 160 p., 16 €), where it explains how to “make a voice and power to the voiceless.”

The hexagonal experiences are still scarce. While researchers and institutional scrutinize any citizen action in neighborhoods. As the mobilization of inhabitants of Saint-Ouen (Seine-Saint-Denis) for reducing drug trafficking. Or this group of residents Coudraie at Poissy (Yvelines), who managed to influence the renovation of the city.



All initiatives that allow people to be heard and to gain confidence in their collective strength. Clearly, to build an awareness of neighborhood as we speak of class consciousness. In their recent album, Repeat the city (Threshold-The Republic of ideas, 128 p., € ), sociologists Michel Kokoreff Lapeyronnie and ensure that it is urgent to “encourage the formation of collectives criminalizing interlocutors unavoidable and advised “.

The matter is not so simple in a country with centralized political operation, and built around universal public power. The meager attempts of participatory democracy, the obvious failures of citizen consultation in cities such as suspicion toward the beginning of movement in organizing community showed that institutions and officials are reluctant to share their power.

“WE DO MORE IN MAY OF THIS PSEUDOCONCERTATION”

It may seem even more surprising to invoke on the policy of the city: neighborhood management gave thirty years of a system built up by the technicians of the city and policies no real interaction with residents of targeted neighborhoods. “We can not go this pseudoconcertation still organized along the same lines – three meetings a PowerPoint and always the same ten people who are asked an opinion on an already strung project,” says David Bodinier, the citizen Alliance Grenoble.

“Since the early 1980s, instead of making room for these areas in democratic life, it is a real anti-empowerment agenda that was set up to promote the institutionalization of policy the city, “says Thomas Kirszbaum, associate researcher at ENS Cachan.

The import of empowerment might give according to the driver, things as diverse as improved citizen participation giving some legitimacy to local institutions, co-management of public issues or against a real power-independent. Lamy knows he is expected on this issue. On the ground, many are skeptical. With demand loops back: “Finally, we expect to see people recognize neighborhoods that are not as passive targets, but as actors.”…

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Since the announcement of the filing of the first criminal complaint in France (Le Monde, 15 December 2012), the debate about the risks of birth control pills third and fourth generation has aroused great concern among women. The complaint will be followed by many others – lawyer Jean-Christophe Coubris shows have so far received about 300 spontaneous testimony.

Forums, questions pop. In offices, pharmacies, it is the general panic. Panicked, women are wondering what type of pill they take? Should I continue to take the pill the third generation? Change method of contraception? “It’s scary, I have calls constantly, girls, mothers,” said Dr. Nicole ATHEA gynecologist in Paris.

Without waiting for a medical opinion, some simply decide to stop, as shown in the call for evidence launched . This Eleonora, 27 years: “I decided to stop the pill because of side effects: headaches and breathing difficulties doctors do not talk about risk and do not even exams before prescribing the pill. . “

INFORMATION TRUNCATED

Mary, who said “those that the hype has made ??paranoid” stopped taking Diane 35. “The accusations are made in labs, but I feel that it is mainly the physicians were prescribing any offending comments …

Three days after the explosion in the sky of the Urals the meteorite that killed more than a thousand injured during its decay, scientists announced to have found the first fragments. They were recovered in the vicinity of Lake Tchebarkoul, which would be an important piece fall of the meteorite.

On its website, the University of the Urals has posted a photograph of one of those little black stones composed of 10% iron. Scientists say the meteorite “is the class of chondrites,” which refers to a type of stony meteorite. After the discovery of the debris, officials from the University of the Urals are confident about the location of the “main fragment”, which would in Tchebarkoul lake.

The researchers did not in fact able to do their research in the lake itself, a security cordon has been established by the authorities around the body of water to prevent fans recover any fragments.

Sunday, the Ministry of Emergency Situations announced it was abandoning its research after divers were surveyed in vain funds lake, whose frozen surface was a hole six feet in diameter. The Minister Vladimir Poutchkov had qualified research of illusory, stressing that the lake bottom was covered with a layer of meters of mud.

Further analysis will be made on these small stones and should help explain how the fall could also have serious consequences. The meteorite disintegrated during its passage over the city of Chelyabinsk. Celestial bodies burn in effect generally fully entering the atmosphere.

According to the latest information provided by the local authorities, 1,450 people were injured, most lightly, for this spectacular phenomenon unprecedented in human toll. “Southern Ural takes a normal rhythm of life, but we still have much work ahead of us. The region continues to recover from the blow inflicted by the meteorite, “said the governor, Mikhail Iourevitch.

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Japanese researchers observed squid propel such minimissiles of in the air, in the same direction, so sudden and synchronous, and fly at a speed of up to meters per second. Usain Bolt fastest in the last Olympics!

The scene takes place July 25, 2011 in the Pacific Northwest. On board a vessel of the Hokkaido University in observation mission are Kota Muramatsu, a student in marine ecology, and his fellow researcher Keiko Sekiguchi. The first is devoted to the study of marine birds and flying fish, the second to the study of whales. Both biologists are on the deck, equipped with a digital single-lens reflex camera, they observe, twice, starboard, small sea creatures off and fly for three seconds before returning to the ocean.

LONG HOVER 26 TO 33 METERS

“They managed to take 21 pictures, but then think to deal with the flying fish,” says Professor Takuzo Abe, a marine biologist and commander. On the pictures, researchers distinguish very young cephalopods with a cylindrical coat 12 to centimeters and two fins. The photographic analysis shows the presence of at least 121 squid in one of the benches and in the other 92 that “probably trying to escape the disruption caused by the ship,” a vessel of 72 meters, the researchers report in the journal Marine Biology. “So far, they point out, the direct scientific observation of the behavior of the squid was rare, most studies based on anecdotal evidence and limited photographic documentation.”

Researchers have identified four phases in air behavior of the squid: take-off, propulsion, gliding through the air and diving. At the very moment when they are ejected from the ocean, shellfish form an acute angle with the surface of the water, the tail and fins of squid out of the water first while the head and arms the cephalopod respectively are still flush with the surface and underwater. The squid then spray water backwards at the same time they fold their fins against the coat and fold their arms.

During the boost phase, fins and arms spread out and a jet of water is expelled continuously. The weight of the squid finds reduced, allowing it to accelerate. Follows a long glide from 26 to 33 meters in which the arms and fins are made. Arms, interconnected by the membranes and arranged almost at right angles to the body axis, then form a wing.

During the descent, the cephalopod plate flippers against his coat and folded his arms in order to minimize the impact with the surface of the ocean. It thus enters the water gently, causing only very few projections. The tail and fins first touch the water, head and arms are still in the air when the mollusk begins diving.

If the aerodynamic capabilities of these squid allow them to escape predators (dolphins, tuna), however they may be exposed to fall prey to seabirds, the researchers conclude.

Innovative monitoring devices glucose were developed our help type 1 diabetics, who must inject insulin to replace the physiological secretion of pancreatic failing to control their glucose.

In the . smartphone Telcare, approved by the . Agency for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2012, as in the Israeli LifeWatch, the glucose sensor is embedded in the device, which accepts a block strips on which the patient places a drop of blood after pricking the fingertip.

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BETTER MANAGE HIS ILLNESS

For Professor Pierre-Yves Benhamou (Endocrinology-Diabetology Service, CHU de Grenoble), “there is no doubt that these glucometers, smartphones are the future of blood glucose. These devices allow the patient to calculate the correct dose of insulin, and will require short term, although of course the question of reimbursement. ” Eventually, they should provide more autonomy for diabetics by promoting their ability to better manage their disease on a daily basis.

“A player, connected or integrated smartphone, avoids the use of a diary paper says Professor Nathalie Jeandidier (Service of Endocrinology-Diabetes, University Hospital of Strasbourg). Moreover, this system is easy to use because the display blood sugar is very fast and automatic. But beware, if these devices are discharged, patients no longer have any way to read their blood glucose, or retrieve the results. ” For the specialist, this type of tool is intended for patients who have already received and acquired therapeutic quality education.

“BIOSENSORS IMPLANTED”

The Dexcom G4 Platinum, also approved by the FDA, works on a different principle. A sensor is implanted under the skin in the abdominal area, the concentration of subcutaneous informing indirectly on blood. This sensor is connected to a transmitter which sends the data on a monitor of the size of a player every five minutes for seven days.

The company Senseonics has, in turn, developed a similar device that can operate for a period of six months. It is currently in clinical trials. Susceptible patients to hypoglycemia, these systems are expected to reduce the frequency of them. “The implanted biosensors are definitely the way forward in type 1 diabetes, because they allow the patient to measure blood glucose finger. They do, however, have not yet artificial intelligence allowing the patient to make the right decision stating the insulin dose to be administered, “Dr. Benhamou said.

“HUMAN COACHING”

In France, Sanofi offers a device called iBGStar, available since May 2011. Developed in partnership with the . firm AgaMatrix, it consists of a glucose meter that plugs into the iPhone. With the ad hoc application, the smartphone displays the numbers of blood glucose and saves the insulin doses.

The iBGStar will fit in an operation called telemedicine Diabeo. Objective: to help unbalanced diabetes “to adjust their insulin doses and gain better control of their treatment, while strengthening links with the health care team,” said Claire Viguier-Petit, Director of Operations at Sanofi Diabetes France .

The system will adjust the insulin dose regimen based on blood glucose, diet and physical activity of the patient. Meanwhile, the blood glucose data and injected doses will be sent by email to the doctor. “Finally, accurate Viguier-Claire Petit, a software will allow a nurse to monitor diabetic diabetes between medical consultations in accordance with instructions issued by the doctor. So we are in a process of more effective medical management time.”

According to Professor Benhamou, “a first feasibility study has shown that this type of tool, combining technical and human coaching, increases the patient’s motivation to deal with.” He adds, however, that the technique is not limited at all. “It is the human behind. This is a combination of both to help improve glycemic control diabetic patient.”

The expected outcomes of this device in terms of quality of care benefits and medical and economic efficiency, in order to obtain a refund will be assessed in a study of a period of two years. Télésage called, it will be launched in the first quarter of this year in 12 regions, with 700 patients followed by 100 hospital centers and investigators Liberals.

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Three, two, one, go! Two chemists Toulouse, Christian Joachim (CNRS) and Gwéna?l Rapenne (University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse), will launch in the journal ACS Nano published in January a funny idea: a car race … nanosized. Is well over a billion times smaller than a formula 1 or a rally car. And ten million times smaller than a Lego brick.

These cars are actually molecules whose shape (a frame, two axles, four wheels) is reminiscent of their big sisters on our scale. “The idea is the same as the concept car: after pushing synthetic chemistry and instrumentation,” says Christian Joachim, Center production of materials and structural studies in Toulouse. The track surface is gold or copper. The circuit would be realized by gold studs around which gear should turn. The “cameras” for the retransmission would be scanning tunneling microscopes, so very cutting edge recording the electrical resistance of the electron cloud surrounding these molecules and allows to reconstruct images. At these scales, optical microscopes are blind …



“Why not organize a race? But we are still few and each with different models, which will make comparisons difficult,” said James Tour, Rice University, Texas (USA), leading manufacturer of Molecular cars in 2005. Since then, he has released his garage twenty models, differing in the type of wheels, the shape of the chassis or the nature of the propulsion.

Nothing is simple in this adventure of the molecular motor. James Tour began in 1998 to publish only seven years later. In the world, only three or four groups are in competition. “Today, we need several months to make our molecules,” said the American researcher. These objects are fragile and frequent destruction. It is indeed necessary place on surfaces, often by the evaporation of their broth, which requires high temperatures, which frequently dislocated joints fine. “We realized the first rolling machine, a wheelbarrow with two wheels in 2002, and I think that were destroyed during evaporation,” says Christian Joachim.

Then, we must move forward. The first did so only by diffusion at random on the surface under the effect of ambient thermal agitation. Then, with the tip of scanning tunneling microscopes, the researchers gave them small flick. “Previously, a quarter of our cars were advancing on the surface. Now it is 50%. But they do not go away, as if a car moving across our three meters …”, said James Tour.

RIDE AND NOT DRAG

Tenacious, he also attempted a light engine 2011: the laser excitation of the central portion of the car had to shake the electrons and a rotating blade propelling the craft. “For the moment, it does not move, but we are still working,” he said. A competitor, Ben Feringa, University of Groningen (Netherlands), had the idea in 2011 to a motor on each wheel. An electronic excitation alters the conformation of these wheels, creating motion. But these “wheels” are actually feet and the craft ramp does it roll.

Another difficulty just be able to verify that the vehicle is moving and does not slip. Or does not go awry. Again, the microscope is the arbitrator, provided that the position above each wheel and interpret signals. For now, Christian Joachim is not convinced that many molecules really roll. “The competition should also be used to develop imaging techniques to effectively control this aspect, as in a wire guidance,” said the researcher, who made his first car in 2012 and also works the motor aspects.

He has published with the University of Singapore and Ohio a rotary motor molecule that can control the direction of rotation. Four years of work between the design and the realization by his colleague Gwéna?l Rapenne were required to assemble these two hundred atoms, forming five blades for two major nanometers. The wheel resting on three feet, running parallel to the surface, with an estimated one million revolutions per minute speed potential. “The level of control is impressive Each step:. Synthesis, manipulation, control is very difficult,” says James Tour.

UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANICAL

But what to wade these crafts? “We need to understand the mechanics of these scales. Is that laws are the same for a mechanism by a few molecules that can stick together What is the power, the performance of such engines? It has none idea! “exclaims Christian Joachim.

“Chemists need to show they can make molecules that move. Fifteen years ago, it was inconceivable,” says Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Institute of Science and Supramolecular Engineering in Strasbourg, which was pioneer in the production of molecular machines, but not to surfaces in liquid solutions. Applications are away, even if it said that the chemist Ben Feringa team managed to change the optical transmission of a liquid crystal by rotating with the addition of 1% of small rotary molecular motors.

Christian Joachim dream also use molecular gears to accelerate the transmission of information in electronic circuits. “In nature, enzymes are able to assemble complex proteins. We want to replicate this approach to bottom-up,” says James Tour. Future drivers of molecular switches are ready to fight to further improve their skills and knowledge.