The bill creating the Public Investment Bank (BPI) – which will have about 40 billion for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) – was voted by Parliament on 19 December 2012. The left wants proactive because it has enabled? U also the financial consolidation of SMEs is one of the levers for boosting competitiveness, facing the German Mittelstand, for example.


But this is a new avatar of a credit policy for SMEs inspired by the desire to support “local productive systems.”


Until the 1910s, local banks (ten thousand) seem to be sufficient to meet the needs of “the France small” dear to Republican moderates and radicals.


But grabbing market share increasing by large banks lodgment Parisian Parliament concerned. It becomes clear that the fight against Germany did not end with the First World War: it must also strengthen small business and allow it to participate in the second industrial revolution and follow in the way of innovation.


CREDIT PEOPLE


The state thus establishes in 1917 the “popular credit”, as in Europe, the Rhine and Danube, rich Raiffeisen mutual funds and savings banks can make loans. More than a hundred of Banques Populaires and hatch in the 1920s, fragile, but reinforced the creation of a central fund in the early 1930s ….

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The head man of the people, cultivate it, Chop it, water it, fertilize it, enlighten it, moralize it, use it , you will not need to cut “The sentence that ax cl t powerful argument against the death penalty, the young Victor Hugo belongs to Claude Gueux, short novel published in July 1834, two years after said Claude Gueux.? sentenced to death for killing the chief keeper of the prison of Clairvaux, was beheaded on June 1, 1832. This is the quote that former Minister of Justice Robert Badinter concluded his libretto, Claude, whose world premiere began on March 27 and will last until April 14 at the Op??ra de Lyon on a partition of the French composer? ais Thierry Escaich.


Repeat this Saturday, March 16, in the dark cave of the Lyons stage with soloists (male), orchestra musicians (led by Jeremiah Rhorer), Olivier Py staging. Baritone Jean-S??bastien Bou (Claude) entered the office of the prison (Jean-Philippe Lafont). He begged one last time. Let them give him Albin, his cellmate, his life, “his bread,” which he has been unjustly separated. Once again, the manager said no. Claude then jumped. Standing on the desk, he pressed against him the lawyer, took out his knife. Before stabbing. But he survives. The music of human helplessness swept all his orchestral power.


Lover, crazy opera


A few days …

Ticket prices TGV and Intercity trains will increase on average by 2.3% on January 24, a level well above the inflation , say Friday night’s Figaro.fr and RTL, stating that he would be the only increase in years. Questioned by AFP, the SNCF has not confirmed the information, but merely stated that “the rate increase is not yet arbitrated.”


This increase “will allow the station to increase its investment this year despite the crisis,” said RTL. Two and a half billion euros are scheduled, 400 million more than last year, including to finance renovations stations and purchase of new trains, according to the radio. According to The Figaro.fr, which also reported an increase of 2.3% for TGV and Intercity, “the Prem’s TGV and subscription packages will not be increased.”


INFLATION OF 1.3% IN 2012


Ticket prices TGV and interregional trains were up 3.2% in early 2012. It will probably include a 3% increase on 1 January 2014 due to the expected increase in the date of the VAT on public transport, a measure which, however, must be passed in Parliament.


The President of the SNCF, Guillaume Pepy, recalled the beginning of December there every year an increase in the price of train tickets “which is about inflation.” “The decision is not taken, it is the government to take, but inflation is around 1.9%,” he had said. On the year 2012, inflation stood at 1.3% (1.2% excluding tobacco), according to figures from INSEE published Thursday.

Fiction is it more appropriate than journalism to reflect the reality? The question is often asked in literature, but it is rarely as regards the cinema and even more for a work for television. The About the film of Pierre Schoeller, Les Anonymes, broadcast by Canal +, on the members of nationalist commando who killed, on 6 February 1998, the prefect of Corse Claude Erignac, is yet sufficiently strong and relevant to support this interrogation.


To account for this affair which has focused the attention of entire country during nearly two years, the director has made impasses on the facts likely to weaken his subject. He has chosen to follow, presumably to avoid prosecution, the only judicial reading of events is concerned at the operational group, based in the south of the isle, led by Alain Ferrandi and including killer, Yvan Colonna. However, a number of factors would have to mention the existence of another group known as “intellectuals” who, at least, inspired this act.


A spectacular spinning car made by the police of General Information, between Bastia and Ajaccio in the month of august 1998, members of this group of teachers, well illustrated the links between the north and south of this extremist movement. That day, they went to the apartment of the sister of Alain Ferrandi to meet, seven months after the death of the prefect, their brothers in arms, with whom they thought “refound the Corsican nationalism.” These “intellectuals” escape conviction for the death of Claude Erignac, but their liability will be accepted for the attacks that began the process leading to his assassination.


Similarly, Pierre Schoeller does not mention a crucial episode occurred in the early hours of the key moment of this case, in police custody on 21 May 1999, members of the commando Erignac. One historical lawyers of the nationalist movement and a close friend of the northern group has indeed been authorized by the anti-terrorist police, contrary to rules, to interview all detainees. These custody lead to the claim of the murder of the prefect and the appointment of Yvan Colonna as the author of the fatal shots.


Their he said to the elements contained in the record, particularly in telephony? His speech she facilitated obtaining confessions from perpetrators of the murder while limiting the risks for potential “sponsors”? This is the share shadow a judicial procedure, a non said between respect for the right and duty Result among police officers as in the nationalist camp in danger compromise.


So far, the magic of fiction or quality of intuition of the author, these mismatches do not affect the interest of the film. Instead, it manages to shed new light on these Corsican nationalists broke up, in 1993, with the main structures of the independence movement. They denunciation? Profiteers have their former comrades drift. The dialogue with the State was considered a shameful denial. They were then kept out of the fratricidal war that broke out in the separatist ranks between 1994 and 1996. Their development was not lost on some. February 7, 1998, the day after the death of the prefect, Charles Pieri, one of the leaders of the Cuncolta Naziunalista, immediately took his distance, saying: “This is the result of a brigadist drift.”


To account closer to the nature of the commitment of these men and their psychology, the film focuses on the long hours of custody. The face-to-face between the commandos and their wives and the police are operated by design and are the success of this work. Statements women play an r? The key in the outcome of the case. The officers who conducted interrogations find some inaccuracies in these discussions, but it does not affect the correctness of the result.


Silences, glances, hardness, doubts and weaknesses of each, often captured in close-ups, give a true and profound picture of what lives these men and women trapped in an ideal that is smashed a reality that nobody could get to this day, with as much precision and emotion: the Corsican nationalism was never intended to overthrow the state but simply to hold off.


The commando Erignac for the first time in the history of the independence island, crossed the invisible but deeply rooted in the minds online. During his detention, Alain Ferrandi, chief commando, summarize, in its way, this transgression: “The moral of it all is that when you are a soldier, it is only in the single life? . ”











“The Anonymes”, of Pierre Schoeller (France, 2013, 120 minutes). Released Monday, March 11, at 20 h 50 on Canal +.

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Chinese currency remains “substantially” as assessed according to the interim report on the exchange published Friday, April 12 in Washington by the Treasury Department, which reiterates Beijing to hasten up the yuan without accusing China of manipulation, which would allow the U.S. Congress to impose trade sanctions on the country.


In the previous study, published in late November, the ministry noted that the Chinese authorities had “significantly reduced the degree of official intervention in the foreign exchange market since the third quarter of 2011.” “It appears t the intervention (the Chinese central bank in the foreign exchange market) took over,” observes the Treasury, always said it was “necessary for the yuan to appreciate further against the dollar.”


According to the United States, the Chinese currency – which traded Friday in 6.1921 yuan to the dollar – has appreciated by 10% against the dollar since June 2010, when Beijing decided to allow the yuan to float more freely against the dollar. However, the movements of the renminbi remains highly regimented as the Chinese authorities allow it to fluctuate only within a margin of plus or minus 1% around a central rate set daily by the central bank.


JAPAN AND KOREA monitored


Fa? We more generally, the Treasury estimates that “among the major emerging economies, many of them, especially in Asia, have a controlled exchange rate? Him to the need.” Washington calls the country “more flexibility and transparency.”


Outside China, the report focuses, in its conclusions on the case of Japan, the central bank launched an offensive in early April against deflation. On the foreign exchange market, this new policy tends to lower the yen. The U.S. Treasury notes the repeated commitment of the Japanese authorities to fight primarily to support domestic demand and their promise not to seek to artificially lower the yen. But they say they have “monitor” what Tokyo that they ask not to engage in a “competitive devaluation.”


The Department further alleges that South Korea to be reached in 2012 on the foreign exchange market to limit the rise of the won, which, according to Washington, has appreciated 8% against the greenback this year. Without accusing Seoul of manipulating its currency, the Treasury asked Koreans to “limit their interventions to exceptional cases of disturbances on the foreign exchange market.”





The report was published one week a meeting of finance ministers of the G20 rich scheduled in Washington on the sidelines of the spring meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

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The burst of wording used by French officials? Ais to discuss the intervention in Mali and the mass hostage in Algeria gave the impression, by accumulative effect that Paris was part of a rhetoric similar to that of American “neoconservatives” and the Bush administration, theorist of the “war against terrorism”. We strongly defends in the Elysee, where, according to an adviser, “we are very aware” of the need to avoid any confusion.


The word “crusade” has been banned from the official vocabulary. Set was also given to avoid talking about “war against radical Islam.” “The risk is to be entered? Born into a position of conflict of civilizations,” said the diplomatic source. “We do not want to use a vocabulary that overestimate the significance, in terms of audience, these groups” fought in Mali. Some wrap themselves in the ideology of Al-Qaeda, but they belong to a phenomenon of “cross-border crime,” said the source.


“ACT OF WAR”


The martial language is nonetheless there. ? Fran ois Hollande, on January 15, told the press: “You ask what is going to destroy the terrorists, the prisoners do if it is possible?”.


The defense minister, Jean-Yves Le Drian, considers that the taking of hostages in Algeria was “an act of war.” The French President is satisfied that the assault was the Algerian forces

Thirteen Pakistani soldiers and a hundred Islamist insurgents were killed in fighting after that occurred in recent days in the valley of Tirah, the District of Khyber, near the Afghan border. The clashes marked a new advance of the army in the north-west, where Pakistani forces fighting the Taliban and Islamist militia Lashkar-e-Islam that threaten the city of Peshawar.


The Khyber district is located on a NATO supply route to Afghanistan, used by international forces to remove military equipment in anticipation of their removal in 2014. This strategic sector is also crucial to ensure safety in Peshawar before the general elections of May 11


The army conquered the city of Sar Tut, before the insurgents, and soldiers built a garrison in the area. “Helicopters and aircraft participated in the operations. They bombard insurgent hideouts in the valley,” said a military official.

U.S. military officials announced Monday, April 29 the arrival of medical reinforcements to the Guantanamo prison, touched since SOON t three months a hunger strike that affects? now 60% of inmates. Forty medical personnel of the U.S. Navy, including nurses and specialists arrived during the weekend at the U.S. base in Cuba. “Now that we have assessed the status of all detainees and have begun to treat these reinforcements will help ease the burden that the hunger strike poses to the regular mission of our staff,” said Lt. Col. Samuel House, spokesman of the prison.


The number of prisoners in hunger strike was stable Sunday and Monday, after the bar Saturday percent out of a prison population of hundred sixty-six, said the spokesman for the prison. But twenty-one of them are now powered by tubes connected directly to the stomach through the nose, according to Lieutenant Colonel House. Among them, five were still hospitalized, he added. He said “no prisoner was near death”, formally denying the allegations of a journalist who focuses on the case of Guantanamo.


The British specialist in prison, Andy Worthington, wrote on his blog that “four prisoners were close to death” because of the hunger strike, citing a “credible source inside Guantanamo.” He said that among the four detainees include Khiali Gul, an Afghan who is part of eighty-six held that the Obama administration has deemed “releasable lack of evidence.” “It is the right of detainees to protest. However, it is our mission to provide a healthy r, s and human environment?, And we will not allow our prisoners starve,” said recently Lieutenant Colonel House .


The hunger strike was the 83rd day Monday and entered its 12th week. According to lawyers, the move was triggered on February 6 when Korans were examined in a way that the prisoners were considered blasphemous. But most protesters now widely denounced their indefinite detention for eleven years without charge or trial. On Friday, the White House said it continued to “monitor” the hunger strike, reaffirming “the commitment of President Barack Obama to close the prison.”

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Geneva correspondence. The “business partners” of the Swiss bank Reyl & Cie nestle into the largest law firms in Paris. The world has learned that the businessman Alain Maillot and Darrois, Villey Maillot Brochier (DVMB) lawyer had also played an r? The important Reyl & Cie. “I’ve seen many times Alain Maillot, in the premises of Reyl & Cie in Geneva. Brought very large customers,” certifies a wealth manager who witnessed the relationship forged since at least 2006.





On March 22, the institution founded by a Frenchman, Dominique Reyl, was raided in Geneva in Cahuzac folder. This is another “reel”, the half-brother of Mr. Reyl Herve Dreyfus, the asset manager of Jer? Cahuzac me whose voice has been recognized on the telephone recording revealed a few months ago by Mediapart, which would have brought the customer of the former budget minister. Based in Paris, Mr. Dreyfus played a role? Active to help French VIP? Ais to open undeclared accounts in Switzerland, via the establishment.


Alain Maillot, 68, could lead to other prestigious clients of the bank. The lawyer specializing in mergers and acquisitions and private equity (equity) has a large address book. He has worked on many major issues. In 2012, Marwan Lahoud, Chief Executive Officer of EADS, had brought to the floor on the proposed merger between EADS and BAE. The two men knew each other since Jersey advised Jean-Luc Lagard??re. He was later again the heart tee Lagard??re Group in negotiating the purchase of several sports sections of the Racing Club de France or upon resale of EADS shares in Fund lodgment ts in 2006. An operation that will prove disastrous for it.


Reached by phone while traveling in the United States, Alain Maillot confirms “good” widely advertise Dominique Reyl and his son Fran? Ois. He says he had met “six or seven” is through a very prominent lawyer in Geneva: Michel Halperin. He admits to “actually several clients including Dominique and Fran? Ois Reyl are asset managers.” “I decided to speak to them since their establishment seemed to me to be more accessible than the major banks and responsive in handling cases,” he says, adding that “s’ are three or four cases involving clients who are neither Frenchman nor residents. ” In a second telephone interview, however, he changed his mind on this figure: “I thought there were two or three customers.”


“Drunk tank”


In 2001, Alain Maillot was appointed by the Ministry of Economy, then led by Laurent Fabius, to defend its interests against the U.S. government under the Executive Life affair. Then he was one of the French tax? Ais most consulted during the establishment in December 2009 of the “drunk tank” under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy. Bercy was eight months opened a window to allow taxpayers to regularize their hidden overseas assets, after payment of a large fine. Three thousand cases had been treated.


Jersey recognize me? T have helped “about 35 people” to repatriate funds, ensuring that there was among them no customer Reyl & Cie. “It was sometimes very wealthy, but also small,” he says. His study does not then a chrome: “We were then three lawyers, Jean-Michel Darrois to make these adjustments.”


Asked about the fact that his partner Jean-Michel Darrois is now a lawyer and close friend of Laurent Fabius, it ensures not widely advertise personally Foreign Minister, even if he is annually on the anniversary of his partner. During the last to dinner, he was placed at the same table as Mr Fabius. He also crossed on two important issues in his capacity as a lawyer EADS: the first time in 2000 when the large aerospace group called tax amenities, and the second time in 2012 at the time of merger between EADS and BAE.


The different hats he bother? “You find that incestuous, is not it?” He loose on affably, before the question.

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Fighting between the army and Islamists in a town in northeastern Nigeria were 187 dead and 77 wounded, according to a new toll released by Red Cross Monday, April 22.


“So far, 187 dead were buried and 77 people are hospitalized. More than 300 houses have br? The ‘said a spokesman for the Red Cross, much heavier than the stock” dozens of deaths “announced so far by a government source.


The clashes erupted on Friday after a raid by Nigerian troops in Naga, a fishing village on Lake Chad in Borno State, where the Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram is based. The soldiers surrounded a mosque where armed Islamists took refuge, residents said.


AMONG THE DEAD CIVILIANS


Several houses and a market were burned, said a government official who inspected the site on Sunday with the regional governor. The official, based on the testimony of residents, said, on condition of anonymity, that there were casualties among the insurgents among the soldiers, but also civilians. The violence has prompted many residents to flee the village.


The military spokesman in Borno State has challenged certain information from press reports of about 180 deaths, said it was “highly exaggerated.” “There could have been casualties, but it is foolish to say that 185 people have been killed,” he said. “On my honor as an officer, I can say that nothing like this has happened,” he assured, refusing to give further details.


The Nigerian security forces tend to minimize the outcome of their confrontation with the radical Islamist group Boko Haram. Since 2009, Boko Haram attacks in central and northern Nigeria, and their repression by the army, killed at least 3,000 dead. Resentment is strong against Nigerian soldiers in some communities and sometimes people exaggerate the number of people killed and accuse the military of indiscriminate killing of civilians during their operations.


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